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Administrative
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Finished |
Y
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Date Completed |
2013-11-30
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Copyright |
f3 - Swedish Knowledge Centre for Renewable Transportation Fuels
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Availability |
Public
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Technical System
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Name |
Hydrotreated Vegetable Oil - Palm oil, cradle-to-gate, system expansion - f3 fuels
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Functional Unit |
1 MJ
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Functional Unit Explanation |
1 MJ Hydrotreated Vegetable Oil - Palm oil
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Process Type |
Cradle to gate
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Site |
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Sector |
Fuel
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Owner |
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Technical system description |
Production (cradle to gate) of Hydrotreated Vegetable Oil (HVO), produced from Palm oil.
The data is based on several data sources (see References) and based on data sets for each process step. An LCA model has been complied within this f3 project (see Additional information). This data set is the result of this LCA model.
Neste oil (Finland) produces HVO from palm oil, rape seed oil and from animal fat. The HVO sold on the market under the name NExBTL is a mix of HVO from these three raw materials. The mix varies, but in 2012 it was 64.5% from palm oil, 0.3% from rape seed, jathropa and camelina oil, as well as 35.1% from waste and residues (animal fat, waste fish processing fat, fatty acid from palm and stearin). The heat value for the HVO mix is 44.1 MJ/kg (4) and the average density is 780 kg/m3 (4 & 5).
The LCA model was divided in three stages: agricultural stage, processing stage and HVO production. In every life cycle stage transportation is included.
The LCA model includes direct affected processes, overhead (operation of buildings, administration, etc.) and capital goods (building, machinery and means of transportation).
All electricity is assumed to be European average. Emissions of pesticides are assumed to be received by air (33%), soil (33%) and water (33%). Palm oil mill effluent (POME) is assumed to be treated in open anaerobic-aerobic ponds. Empty fruit bunches are applied as mulch in the plantation. The total amount of shells and fibers from palm fruits are assumed to be burned in boiler to produce steam and electricity. It is assumed that all palm kernel oil extraction takes place using mechanical extraction. The palm is grown, harvested and refined into crude oil in Malaysia.
The fuel component is refined into the fuel product in Kilpilahti, Porvoo, Finland. Finally the fuel product is distributed to tank service stations in Finland.
Ommited data:
- The production of seeds during agricultural stage has been ommited;
- Production of cypermethrin, warfarin and fungicides has been omitted;
- Methane emissions from oil palm plantation have been ommited;
- No capital goods or overhead for the HVO production facility is included in the model.
- Chemicals used to treat POME are not accounted for.
- Lubricating oil is ommited from the inventory of the processing stage.
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System Boundaries
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Nature Boundary |
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Time Boundary |
2010 - 2013
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Geographical
Boundary |
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Other Boundaries |
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Allocations |
No.
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Systems Expansions |
System expansion for by-products and energy replacing other products and other energy.
Processing stage: palm kernel cake substituting soybean meal from Brazil; fibres and shells burned in boiler substituting electricity from the grid (data for European average grid (UCTE) have been used) and sand at mine.
HVO production: biogasoline substituting naphtha; fuel gas substituting natural gas.
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Flow Data
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General Activity
QMetaData
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Date Conceived |
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Data Type |
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Represents |
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Method |
Literature studies
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Literature Reference |
- Data for agriculture and palm oil processing (reference 1).
- Data for hydrotreatment at Neste oil (reference 2 & 3).
(1) Schmidt, J.H. (2007). Life cycle assessment of rapeseed oil and palm oil. Ph.D. thesis, Part 3: Life cycle inventory of rapeseed oil and palm oil.
(2) Institute for Energy and Environmental Reseach Heidelberg GmbH - IFEU (2006). An Assessment of Energy and Greenhouse Gases of NExBTL.
(3) Arvidsson, R. & Persson, S. (2008). Life Cycle Assessment of NExBTL from Rape, Oil Palm and Jatropha. Master’s Thesis in Chemical Environmental Science.
(4) Mikkonen, S. et al. (2012). HVO, Hydrotreated Vegetable Oil - A Premium Renewable Biofuel for Diesel Engines. Neste Oil Corporation, p. 15.
(5) Neste oil: NExBTL renewable diesel, Product information, page 15.
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Notes |
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Flow Table and Specific Meta Data
Back to Flow Data
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QMetaData |
Direction |
FlowType |
Substance |
Quantity |
Min |
Max |
SDev |
Unit |
Environment |
Geography |
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Input
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Resource
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Crude oil
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2,25383676075082E-03
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kg
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Ground
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Input
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Resource
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Hard coal
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8,03977479449618E-04
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kg
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Ground
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Input
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Resource
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Lignite
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7,89850461524259E-04
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kg
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Ground
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Input
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Resource
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Natural gas
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3,70826423176749E-03
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kg
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Ground
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Input
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Resource
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Uranium
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3,58721219766039E-08
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kg
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Ground
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Output
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Emission
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Ammonia
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1,26322560610964E-04
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kg
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Air
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Output
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Emission
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Ammonium / ammonia
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1,71014657972799E-07
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kg
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Water
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Output
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Emission
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Biological oxygen demand
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2,0970010511014E-05
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kg
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Water
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Output
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Emission
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Carbon dioxide (biogenic)
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2,0004960432215E-04
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kg
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Air
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Output
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Emission
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Carbon dioxide (fossil)
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2,76693869213026E-02
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kg
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Air
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Output
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Emission
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Carbon dioxide, land transformation
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-9,53678813370999E-04
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kg
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Air
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Output
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Emission
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Carbon monoxide (biogenic)
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-2,23234075117344E-08
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kg
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Air
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Output
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Emission
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Chemical oxygen demand
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2,9517189738735E-05
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kg
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Water
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Output
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Emission
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Hydrocarbons (unspecified)
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3,18059976199871E-06
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kg
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Air
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Output
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Emission
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Hydrogen sulfide
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7,35573000299253E-06
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kg
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Air
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Output
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Emission
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Methane (biogenic)
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1,28175536229613E-08
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kg
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Air
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Output
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Emission
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Methane (fossil)
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1,19979326980311E-03
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kg
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Air
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Output
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Emission
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Nitrate
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2,29941307320657E-03
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kg
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Water
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Output
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Emission
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Nitrate
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3,56072445475342E-10
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kg
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Air
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Output
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Emission
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Nitrogen monoxide
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2,11456719491062E-05
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kg
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Air
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Output
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Emission
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Nitrogen oxides
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1,06681909671162E-04
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kg
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Air
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Output
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Emission
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Nitrous oxide
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6,70025453719786E-05
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kg
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Air
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Output
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Emission
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Non-methane volatile organic compounds
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5,74962809370861E-06
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kg
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Air
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Output
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Emission
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Particles (> PM10)
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6,84956848214561E-06
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kg
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Air
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Output
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Emission
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Particles (PM0.2 - PM2.5)
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3,72579208222499E-06
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kg
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Air
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Output
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Emission
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Particles (PM2.5)
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2,08602729494019E-05
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kg
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Air
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Output
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Emission
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Phosphate
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1,20028451522569E-05
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kg
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Water
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Output
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Emission
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Phosphorus
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1,04447895320786E-05
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kg
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Water
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Output
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Emission
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Phosphorus
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7,8466706755725E-08
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kg
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Air
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Output
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Emission
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Sulfur dioxide
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8,05485663007552E-05
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kg
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Air
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Output
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Emission
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Total dissolved organic bounded carbon
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6,31534311091074E-06
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kg
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Water
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Output
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Emission
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Total organic bounded carbon
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6,39985601747588E-06
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kg
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Water
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Output
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Product
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HVO - Palm oil
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1
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MJ
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Technosphere
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About Inventory
Back to Contents |
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Publication |
Hallberg et al, (2013) "Setup of f3 data network for Well-to-wheel (method and) LCI data for fossil and renewable fuels in the Swedish market", f3 - Swedish Knowledge Centre for Renewable Transportation Fuels, f3 project report, Available at www.f3centre.se
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Intended User |
LCA practitioner
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General Purpose |
To provide and publish best available LCI data on vehicle biofuels and fossil fuels well to tank and tank to wheel relevant for the Swedish market.
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Detailed Purpose |
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Commissioner |
- f3 - The Swedish Knowledge Centre for Renewable Transportation Fuels.
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Practitioner |
- Felipe Oliveria, IVL.
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Reviewer |
- Lisa Hallberg, IVL
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Applicability |
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About Data |
This dataset is the part of the results from the f3 project "Setup of f3 data network for Well-to-wheel (Method and) LCI data for fossil and renewable fuels in the Swedish market". Further details about this project can be found in the project report.
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Notes |
There are two well to tank data sets for HVO published within this f3 project; HVO from palm oil and rapeseed oil.
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